The world has a myriad of energy sources. Fossil-based fuels such as natural gas, petroleum and coal–accounted for more than 81 % of the energy consumed in 2018. Renewables, such as solar power, wind, biomass and hydroelectricity, account for 14 percent. Nuclear energy contributes another 5 percent. Different countries employ different types of energy sources, while balancing economic needs with environmental concerns.

Nature’s energy can be found in a variety of forms such as wind, sun, waves and ocean. These sources of energy are transformed into more convenient energy forms, such as electricity or heat, when they are harnessed. When those energies are exhausted, they are non-renewable energy sources.

The environment is damaged by a variety of fossil fuels as well as some other sources of energy that are not renewable. Oil mining, for instance is a destructive process that can destroy the forests that are virgin to the earth. Fracking (hydraulic fracture) could cause earthquakes and water pollution. Carbon dioxide is released when coal is burnt which contributes to global warming.

Fortunately, many of the most promising sources of energy are renewable and sustainable. Hydropower, solar energy and wind power for instance, could generate electricity without having to search for new sources.

Other sustainable energy sources are emerging, like waves and tidal power. To be used at an enormous scale, these technologies need to have effective distribution networks. This requires the use non-renewable energy sources to construct these networks. These sources aren’t enough to fulfill the majority of our energy requirements. However, it’s important to keep in mind that prices for renewable energy equipment have decreased drastically over the last few years, and the efficiency is rising rapidly.

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